{"id":10292,"date":"2022-04-11T21:50:02","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T21:50:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.ikifp.edu.pl\/assessing-risks-to-veit-stosss-altar\/"},"modified":"2022-04-11T22:02:45","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T22:02:45","slug":"assessing-risks-to-veit-stosss-altar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/test.ikifp.edu.pl\/en\/society\/institute-achievements\/assessing-risks-to-veit-stosss-altar\/","title":{"rendered":"Assessing risks to Veit Stoss\u2019s altar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Assessing risks to Veit Stoss\u2019s altar in St. Mary\u2019s Basilica in Krakow and a long-term preservation plan for the monument<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

The late-Gothic main altar carved in lime wood and painted in the years 1477-89 for St. Mary\u2019s Church in Krakow by Veit Stoss and his workshop is one of the most recognizable historical monuments in Poland, and the everyday ceremony of opening its wings at noon, attracting visitors from the whole world, is an element of intangible heritage characteristic of Krakow. In the years 2013 \u2013 2020, experts of the Institute\u2019s Cultural Heritage Group carried out monitoring in the church\u2019s interior with the use of sensor systems for continuous measurements of concentrations of suspended particulate matter and carbon dioxide as well as temperature and relative humidity. Using a specialized software for a comprehensive data analysis, we obtained a description of a relationship between the outdoor environment and the church interior, information on stability of the microclimate in the altar\u2019s environment, as well as on sources, transport and deposition of suspended particulate matter and in consequence the rate of soiling of the sculptures\u2019 surfaces.<\/p>\n

Temperature and relative humidity conditions in the altar\u2019s environment<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arrows mark locations at which environmental parameters were measured close to the altar (left). A case with sensors behind the altar\u2019s back 15 m above the floor (right).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The measurements carried out have revealed thermal stratification of air in a such tall interior as the nave of St. Mary\u2019s church \u2013 yearly average temperatures were 12 and 15 oC at 2 and 15 m above the floor, respectively, with more humid conditions prevailing in the bottom space of the altar than in the upper (yearly average relative humidities were 70 and 60%, respectively). The band of short-term fluctuations was +\/- 15% which, in the light of research, does not endanger polychrome wood. Nor the inflow of persons attending the services and visitors caused increases in relative humidity which could be unsafe to the altar. During conservation works, carried out in years 2015 \u2013 2021, no new damage which could have been induced by relative
\nhumidity fluctuations were revealed. Therefore, one can conclude that the altar has acclimatized over centuries to the local microclimate, though far away from conditions prevailing in museums, and is not at risk of cracking or deformation of wood, nor cracking of the decorative layers.<\/p>\n

How quickly does soiling of the St. Mary\u2019s altar proceed?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td>\n\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A sensor measuring concentration of suspended particulate matter on the church\u2019s choir (left). With time, sculptures of the altar are covered with particle deposits (right).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

St. Mary\u2019s church seems to be like an unsealed museum display case with fast exchange of air between the inside and outside space, such exchange occurs on average every 3 hours. The suspended particulate matter migrates into the basilica\u2019s interior with air infiltrating through gaps in doors and windows. A fine particle fraction encompassing particles of diameters between 0.1 and 1 micron is largely responsible for altar\u2019s soiling. Fine particles carry a significant part of the total volume and mass of particulate matter, are suspended for long time in air, easily penetrate gaps, and deposit on surfaces indoors in all orientations \u2013 vertical and horizontal. Although the city of Krakow has implemented an ambitious programme of improving air quality through the regulatory elimination of outdated heating systems, our models indicate that time to perceptible soiling of the altar, after the conservation finished in 2021, is 15 years whereas time to aesthetically unacceptable change is 55 years. After such time, next full conservation of the altar will be probably necessary to remove particle deposits adhering to surfaces of the sculptures.<\/p>\n

The assessment of risks to the altar from the environmental hazards has been complemented by analyses of other risks as wood damaging insects, fires and shocks. Collaboration between Institute\u2019s experts, conservators and services of St. Mary\u2019s basilica has resulted in the development of a comprehensive plan of risk management and long-term protection aimed at preservation of the monument in the best possible state for future generations while maintaining full access to people attending the services and visitors.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Assessing risks to Veit Stoss\u2019s altar in St. Mary\u2019s Basilica in Krakow and a long-term preservation plan for the monument   The late-Gothic main altar carved in lime wood and painted in the years 1477-89 for St. Mary\u2019s Church in Krakow by Veit Stoss and his workshop is one of the most recognizable historical monuments […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":5060,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAssessing risks to Veit Stoss\u2019s altar - IKiFP PAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/test.ikifp.edu.pl\/en\/society\/institute-achievements\/assessing-risks-to-veit-stosss-altar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Assessing risks to Veit Stoss\u2019s altar - 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